Express YourSelf !

DSPy = Declarative Self-improving Python.

Components

1. language model — LLM that will answer our questions,

2. signature —a declaration of the program’s input and output (what task we want to solve),

 - 1. inline

 - 2. class

dspy.InputField()

List[Literal['', '', '']] = dspy.OutputField()

3. module — the prompting technique (how we want to solve the task).

 - Building blocks

 - different prompting strategies, 

  - 1. dspy.Predict

  - 2. dspy.ChainOfThought 

  - 3. dspy.ReAct (to add tools = function calling

4. Optimiser

  - 1. Automatic few-shot learning (e.g. BootstrapFewShot or BootstrapFewShotWithRandomSearch)

  - 2. Automatic instructions optimisation (e.g. MIPROv2) 

  - 3. Automatic fine-tuning (e.g, BootstrapFinetune) 

Other points

• dspy.inspect_history for logs
• Caching

# 1. updating config

dspy.configure_cache(enable_memory_cache=False, enable_disk_cache=False)

# 2. not using cache for specific module

math = dspy.Predict("question -> answer: float", cache = False)

• dspy.configure(adapter=dspy.JSONAdapter()) 

• DSPy is integrated with MLFlow (an observability tool)

Alternatives for IDP 

(1) https://github.com/JanssenProject/jans  https://github.com/JanssenProject/jans/tree/main/jans-keycloak-link   https://imshakil.medium.com/janssen-mod-auth-openidc-module-to-test-openid-connect-single-sign-on-s…  It is by Glu 

(2) Vault it self support OIDC https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/secrets/identity/oidc-provider    https://brian-candler.medium.com/using-vault-as-an-openid-connect-identity-provider-ee0aaef2bba2

SQL++ is for JSON data. https://www.couchbase.com/sqlplusplus/

https://techmilap.com/ is free website for hosting event

Vault can provide dynamic temporary secrets to access data for each identity used by consumer. so later on, we can audit, who has accessed data. In our case, pods use ServiceAccount (SA). here we get dynamic secret per serviceaccount. So we cannot audit which pod accessed the data. we can only audit, data is accessed by which ServiceAccount. This dynamic secret has short life so one cannot use it again. SA we can use it as many time as we want.

Vault secure data in-transit with TLS and other encryption method that is called "encryption as a service"

In terraform, state file is the most confidential. 

Nomad is alternative of K8s. It can manage VM also using QEMU driver. Consul is used for networking and service. Fabio is for ingress and load balancing in Nomad.

Event: Hashicorp User Group Bangalore Meetup #1 : Powering the Multi-Cloud Era, Sun, Nov 2, 2025, 10:00 AM | Meetup

https://github.com/pando85/kaniop Kaniop is a Kubernetes operator for managing Kanidm. 

https://kanidm.com/ Kanidm is a modern, secure identity management system that provides authentication and authorization services with support for POSIX accounts, OAuth2, and more. It is simple and written in rust

IDP

(1)

https://github.com/JanssenProject/jans  

https://github.com/JanssenProject/jans/tree/main/jans-keycloak-link

https://imshakil.medium.com/janssen-mod-auth-openidc-module-to-test-openid-connect-single-sign-on-s…  

It is by Glu 

(2) Vault it self support OIDC https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/secrets/identity/oidc-provider    https://brian-candler.medium.com/using-vault-as-an-openid-connect-identity-provider-ee0aaef2bba2

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Why Choose Keycloak?. Understanding the Need for an Identity… | by J3 | Jungletronics | Medium

Ory

Quickstart | Ory

Quickstart | Ory

Ory Kratos Helm Chart | k8s

GitHub - ory/k8s: Kubernetes Helm Charts for the ORY ecosystem. · GitHub

Ory Hydra: OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect server | Ory

GitHub - ory/kratos: Headless cloud-native authentication and identity management written in Go. Scales to a billion+ users. Replace Homegrown, Auth0, Okta, Firebase with better UX and DX. Passkeys, Social Sign In, OIDC, Magic Link, Multi-Factor Auth, SMS, SAML, TOTP, and more. Runs everywhere, runs best on Ory Network. · GitHub

GitHub - ory/hydra: Internet-scale OpenID Certified™ OpenID Connect and OAuth2.1 provider that integrates with your user management through headless APIs. Solve OIDC/OAuth2 user cases over night. Consume as a service on Ory Network or self-host. Trusted by OpenAI and many others for scale and security. Written in Go. · GitHub

The Top 7 Ory Kratos Alternatives

Here are few links

The Paper

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.03762.pdf

------------------------

Medium

https://medium.com/@SimplifyingFutureTech/understanding-attention-is-all-you-need-750713a1631b

https://medium.com/codex/attention-is-all-you-need-explained-ebdb02c7f4d4

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PoloClub

https://poloclub.github.io/transformer-explainer/

https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.04619

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECR4oAwocjs

-----------

Last Few videos of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2dH_qjc9mFg&list=PLKnIA16_RmvYuZauWaPlRTC54KxSNLtNn

https://hasgeek.com/fifthelephant/paper-reading-meet-up-december-2023/

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/decoding-attention-all-you-need-how-transformers-ai-yuri-sylse/

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Embedding is representation of text in multi dimensional space

Diffusion model add noise and then remove it. It is for multimodal.  

Multi head = syntax + semantics + position. It improves expressiveness and captures richer patterns. 

Attention is about which embedding to look at. It does not change embedding. 

Few other miscellaneous link from event https://luma.com/d0yhf0ib

1. IronClaw

https://github.com/nearai/ironclaw

https://www.ironclaw.com/

IronClaw is the secure, open-source alternative to OpenClaw that runs in encrypted enclaves on NEAR AI Cloud.  TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) 

Once upon a time signaling stack is separated from voice as packet switched SS7 network, with its own protocol stack. SS7 over TCP/IP stack is SIGTRAN. VoIP signaling plane has protocols like H.323 (by ITU), SIP (by IETF) and MEGACO. SIP became most popular. VoIP data plane is RTP. Now in era of Agentic AI, we have  business solutions for different verticals to integrate voice with STT, LLM, TTS etc. Here are few resource URLs

All Relevant technologies  

https://www.voip-info.org/

https://telecom.altanai.com/

Signalwire

https://www.linkedin.com/posts/briankwest_github-signalwire-demosveronica-this-activity-7430982255675678720-jsTH/

https://developer.signalwire.com/sdks/agents-sdk/

https://github.com/signalwire-demos

https://signalwire.com/

https://postpromptviewer.signalwire.io/

FreeSWITCH

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeSWITCH

https://signalwire.com/freeswitch

https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch

https://developer.signalwire.com/freeswitch/FreeSWITCH-Explained/

https://github.com/amigniter/mod_audio_stream

https://github.com/sptmru/freeswitch_mod_audio_stream

https://medium.com/@srivastava.vikash/day-9-real-time-voice-ai-starts-here-streaming-audio-from-freeswitch-a45d69547164

https://www.cyberpunk.tools/jekyll/update/2025/11/18/add-ai-voice-agent-to-freeswitch.html

Asterisk

https://www.asterisk.org/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterisk_(PBX)

https://github.com/asterisk/asterisk

Plivo

https://www.plivo.com/

https://github.com/plivo

JsSIP

https://jssip.net/

https://github.com/versatica/JsSIP

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JsSIP

Security

https://www.frafos.com/

OverSIP

https://oversip.versatica.com/

https://github.com/versatica/OverSIP

https://rubygems.org/gems/oversip/versions/2.0.1?locale=en

https://www.voip-info.org/oversip/

OfficeSIP

https://officesip-server.software.informer.com/

https://telecom.altanai.com/2014/10/13/sip-server-officesip/

https://sourceforge.net/projects/officesip/

https://github.com/vf1/sipserver

FlexiSIP

https://github.com/BelledonneCommunications/flexisip

https://www.linphone.org/en/flexisip-sip-server/

https://www.linhome.org/software-products/flexisip/

https://wiki.linphone.org/xwiki/wiki/public/view/Flexisip/

Tools

https://postpromptviewer.signalwire.io/

https://github.com/briankwest/libnemo_normalize

https://github.com/signalwire-demos/utils

https://github.com/xiph/rnnoise

FreePBX

https://www.hostinger.com/in/tutorials/freepbx-tutorial

https://www.freepbx.org/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreePBX

https://github.com/freepbx

Others

https://medium.com/@dwilkie_34546/implementing-ai-powered-voice-at-somleng-a-technical-deep-dive-93edbb920e02

https://stringee.com/en/

https://www.kamailio.org/w/

https://github.com/resiprocate/resiprocate/wiki

https://www.kaplansoft.com/teksip/

AI

https://deepgram.com/

https://github.com/dograh-hq/dograh Voice AI agent