5G NR : Part 1

5G is about IoT. In fact in 4G also, IoT related standardization was started with NB-IoT. 

Use Cases

1. AR/VR
2. Autonomous transportation (car)
3. Reliable access to remote health-care
4. Public safety
5. Smarter Agriculture
6. Efficient use of energy/utilities
7. Autonomous manufacturing
8. Sustainable cities and infrastructure 
9. Digitized logistics and retails

Verticals

Avalanche of traffic volume	Massive connected devices	Diversified use cases Autonomous car
Connectivity Req Peak data rate 10Gbps Min data rate 50 Mbps High user mobility Brodband access in dense area	Connectivity Req Low cost Low energy Low packet size	Connectivity Req Ultra high reliability Ultra low latency
Use cases Ultra large volume transfer Always connected in crowd AR / VR	Use Cases IoT IIoT	Use cases V2V communication Driver-less car Remote surgery Smart grid Manufacturing Robot

Market Segments

1. Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
2. Massive Machine Type Communications (eMTC)
3. Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC)

Key KPIs

1. Peak data rate
2. Spectrum efficiency
3. Mobility
4. Latency
5. Connection diversity
6. Network energy efficiency
7. Area traffic capacity

5G standard bodies

1. 3GPP (ITU-R) : (IMT 2020)
2. EU - (METIS - 2020) 
3.1 Japan 2020 and beyond
3.2 Korea 5G Forum
3.3 MOST - China

5G Evolution

1. IMT-Advanced
2. Enhanced IMT-Advanced
3. 5G RAN

Peak data rate
Mobility
Capacity (/km square)
Number of connected devices / cell
User plane latency
Energy Saving (energy / bit)

5G Standards

	3GPP 5G NR Specification	Verizon 5G Specification
Phy channels and modulation	38.211 : NR	TS V5G.211
Multiplexing and channel coding	38.212 : NR	TS V5G.212
Physical layer procedures	38.213 : NR	TS V5G.213
URL	http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/38-series.htm	http://www.5gtf.net/

pre 5G standard - https://m.corp.kt.com/eng/html/biz/services/sig.html

3GPP Important Standards

TS 38.211 NR; Physical channels and modulation  
TS 38.212 NR; Multiplexing and channel coding  
TS 38.213 NR; Physical layer procedures for control  
TS 38.214 NR; Physical layer procedures for data  
TS 38.215 NR; Physical layer measurements  
TS 38.300 NR; Overall description; Stage-2  
TS 38.321 NR; Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification  
TS 38.322 NR; Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specification  
TS 38.323 NR; Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) specification  
TS 38.331 NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification
TR 38.801 Study on new radio access technology: Radio access architecture and interfaces
TR 38.912 Study on new radio access technology  

TR 38.913 Study on scenarios and requirements for next generation access technologies
TS 23.501 System Architecture for the 5G System

NSA

gNB to EPC

SA

gNB to 5G CN
For greenfield deployment

4G and 5G comparison 

4G	5G
eNB	gNB Key Functions: 1. Intercell Radio Resource Management 2. Resouce Block Control  3. Radio Admission Control 4. Connection Mobility Control 5. Dynamic Resource Allocation (Scheduler) 6. Measurement Configuration and Provisioning
X2 Interface	Xn Interface
MME	AMF : Access & Mobility Management F Key Functions: 1. NAS Security  2. Idle State Mobility Handling
S-GW	UPF : User Plane F Key Functions: 1. Mobility Anchroing  2. PDU Handling
P-GW	SMF : Session Management F Key Functions: 1. UE IP Address Allocation  2. PDU Session Control.
S1-C	NG-C
S1-U	NG-U
EPC	5G CN = NGC

U-Plane

New protocol SDAP over existing PDCP

Deployment Models

Model	Fy	BW
Indoor Hotspot	30 GHz	Upto 1 GHz
Rural	700 MHz	Upto 20 MHz
High Speed	4 GHz	Upto 200 MHz
Urban + Massive Connections	700 MHz OR Optionally 2100 MHz

Reference : TR 38.913 Study on scenarios and requirements for next generation access technologies

mmWave frequency is > 30 GHz

5G New Technology

1. mmWave frequency is > 30 GHz
2. Massive MIMO > 8 x 8 MIMO
3. Beam Management
4. LDPC coding (for U-Plane) and Polar coding (for C-Plane) 
5. AS Layer
6. UL Waveform
7. Subframe structure
8. HARQ
9. SDN
10. NFV
11. Grant-free UL for IoT

Numerologies

1 frame = 10 subframe
1 subframe's slot = f (n)
1 slot = 14 symbols

So 1 frame's slot = 10 x f(n)
So 1 subframe's symbols = 14 x f(n)
So 1 frame's symbol = 10 x 14 x f(n) = 140 x f(n)

Numerology	Sub carrier BW (kHz) Delta F = 2 ** n x 15	12 x Delta F	Remark	Slot / subframe	Slot / frame	Symbol / subframe	Symbol / frame
0	15	180 kHz	Below 1GHz 1 GHz to 6 GHz	1	10	14	140
1	30	360 kHz	Below 1GHz 1 GHz to 6 GHz	2	20	28	280
2	60	729 kHz	1 GHz to 6 GHz 24 GHz to 52.6 GHz	4	40	56	560
3	120	1.44 MHz	24 GHz to 52.6 GHz	8	80	112	1120
4	240	2.88 MHz		16	160	224	2240
5	380	5.76 MHz		32	320	448	4480

Slot Format

TDD or FDD depends upon

0 : All 14 Symbols are D
1 : All 14 Symbols are U
2 : X
3 : 13 D + 1 X
4:  12 D + 2 X
5 : 11 D + 3 X

D = Downlink
U = Uplink
X = Flexible

To be continued...