Python Virtual Enviornment


Introduction

The venv module provides support for creating lightweight “virtual environments”. It is optionally isolated from system site directories.

A virtual environment is a Python environment such that 
- the Python interpreter, 
- libraries and 
- scripts 
installed into it are isolated from (1) those installed in other virtual environments, and (2) (by default) any libraries installed in a “system” Python, i.e., one which is installed as part of your operating system.

A virtual environment is a directory tree which contains Python executable files and other files which indicate that it is a virtual environment. The path to this folder can be printed with variable
sys.prefix
sys.exec_prefix
These variables are used to locate site packages directory. 

Each virtual environment has its own
- Python binary (which matches the version of the binary that was used to create this environment) 
- independent set of installed Python packages in its site directories.

Packages (Modules) 

Check installed packages using
pip list

Check specific package is installed or not using
pip show "package name"

Two types of packages
1. System packages (installed as part of Python installation)
2. Site packages (3rd party libraries)

Reinstall using
pip install --upgrade --no-deps --force-reinstall "package name"

Pip can export a list of all installed packages and their versions using the freeze command:
pip freeze
This can be used to create requirements.txt file, that is used later as : 
pip install -r requirements.txt

Commands

To create venv
python3 -m venv /path/to/new/virtual/environment
c:\>c:\Python35\python -m venv c:\path\to\myenv

To activate venv
source /bin/activate
C:\> \Scripts\activate.bat
It modifies PATH variables. Add the venv path at the beginning. 

To deactivate venv
source /bin/deactivate
C:\> \Scripts\deactivate.bat
It reset back PATH variables

To change Python version
pyenv local 2.x
pyenv local 3.x
pyenv global 2.x
pyenv global 3.x

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